Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Essay - 1615 Words

Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells in Research Why is the mainstream media significantly downplaying exciting scientific discoveries with adult stem cells? This essay hopes to adequately answer that question. Heres the scoop: As originally reported late last year in the medical journal Blood, Dr. Catherine M. Verfaillie and other researchers at the Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, have discovered a way to coax an adult cell found in the bone marrow to exhibit many of the attributes that supposedly make embryonic stem cells irreplaceable to the development future miracle medical therapies(Catherine). While there is still much research to be done, multi-potent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) appear to be†¦show more content†¦Yet, when the potentially crucial discovery of an adult cell that could make embryonic destruction and therapeutic cloning unnecessary comes to light - and just at the time when the United States Senate is about to argue whether to outlaw the cloning of human embryos - the story has been significantly underplayed. The New York Times story written by Nicholas Wade with Sheryl Gay Stolberg ran deep inside the paper (page A14), under the headline, Scientists Herald a Versatile Adult Cell.(New) While the Times headline and reporting focused upon the actual story, it failed to provide many of the significant details found in the Boston Globe reporting, and as a result, the story lost much of its punch. The Washington Post smothered the importance of the story altogether in a story bylined by Rick Weiss that ran on page A-8. Headlined, In Senate, Findings Intensify Arguments on Human Cloning, the actual discovery itself is barely described. The first mention of it comes in the fourth paragraph, which focuses primarily on a statement by Verfaillie downplaying her own discovery so as not to interfere with the pro-cloning and ESCR research agenda. Indeed, the primary thrust of the Post reportage focuses on the reasons why this discovery should not deter destructive embryonic research. The story was also covered by relative brief wire-service reports and in a much better story in New Scientist magazine(New). In any event, with such muffled coverage, it isShow MoreRelatedAdult Stem Cells Vs. Embryonic Stem Cell Research1108 Words   |  5 Pages4/4/16 Adult Stem Cells vs. Embryonic Stem Cells â€Å"The unspecialized cells are differentiated cells created are known as stem cells† (Miller Ph.D., Levine Ph.D., 2012). Embryonic and Adult stem cells are the only types of stem cells. Stem cell research shows a good deal of promise in the aiding of curing diseases. Both embryonic and adult stem cells show promise in curing diseases, but it is unclear which type of stem cell is more effective. The human embryo for embryonic stem cell research requiresRead MoreEmbryonic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1576 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Francois Rabelais, the famous Renaissance humanist, once said, â€Å"Science without conscience is the death of the soul† (Rabelais, Francois). Since the late 1960’s, this has been the stance for opponents of embryonic stem cell research. This is saying, if we are willing to take a fertilized embryo and kill it before it has even had time to develop, where is our conscience, our heart? We consider this form of stem cell research to be immoral and unethical. 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Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continue. In 1978, an important discovery was uncovered in our medical world; stem cells were recognized in human cord blood (Murnaghan, â€Å"History of Stem Cell Research† N.p). With the discovery of stem cells, researchersRead MoreStem Cell Research Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesthe research teams of the EuroStemCell project teach in their educational short film A Stem Cell Story, there are certain stages of development while in the uterus where most of our cells stop dividing and stabilize into a specific kind of cell. They do not mutate throughout our life. These cells are referred to as specialized cells. Once they are damaged or die they cannot regenerate themselves. There is one kind of cell that never specializes during development. They are called stem cells andRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1690 Words   |  7 Pageshas been far from reality until the research from embryonic stem cell therapy surfaced. Since former president George W. Bush banned federal funding on embryonic stem cell research in 2001 it has caused a halt in advancements and caused controversy in the public. According to an article by Beau Watts, an accredited physician; embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells (Beau Watts). This means they have not decided what function they perform yet. Since the cells do not know the function, it can beRead MorePerson Vs Professional Ethics On The Embryonic Stem Cell Study1169 Words   |  5 PagesPerson vs Professional Ethics on the Embryonic stem cell study 2/15/2017 Miller Motte College, NC The study of the Embryonic Stem Cell is a new interactive way of treatment The embryonic stem cell is a great medical study and medical opportunity in the medical society that we live in today. As a medical care provider I know the in the medical world it has its challenges that are associated with different reproductive technology. With the new medical research on the embryonic stem cell it hasRead MoreStem Cell Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesAdult stem cell are difficult to obtain and have a lower growth potential. Although they have a limited capacity to differentiate and they are compatible with adult tissue, you can only obtain a small amount of cells. 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Leadership Is An Efficient Process - 899 Words

LEADERSHIP Leadership is an efficient process in which a person supports and guides to others to achieve the combined goals and tasks. TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLES There are many types of leadership like Autocratic leadership; in this a leader has the complete authority and control of decision making. Bureaucratic leadership; flexibility exists in this type of leadership, in such style every follower has his voice that is to be listen, authority is divided. Charismatic leadership; in this type leader inserts its power to its employees by giving them passion. Transformational leadership; in this type, communication is the main focus, leaders and employees have common vision, by communication the leaders try to transform his qualities to the followers/employees. People oriented leadership; it focuses on development and betterment of people. Task oriented leadership; it focuses on the efficient end effective procedures for operations. STEVEN PAUL JOBS I selected a public figure Steven Paul jobs as a leader. He was the co-founder of APPLE. He was a computer designer, and innovator, as well as an example for many people as a good leader and manager in their businesses. AS A LEADER He was a good leader as well as a good manger by analyzing his history and his contribution in success of APPLE we can say that he was a good leader he always focuses on hard work by putting the followers to the right way, he guided people to work more and more and in effective manner, he was a man ofShow MoreRelatedLeadership And Management : What Characteristics And Functions Are Required For Each?870 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Management When it comes to leadership and management, many might say that without possessing adequate traits as leader one will never effectively be an efficient manager. Often time’s people will say that great leaders are made not born and that not everyone can be a great leader. 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Kepler Mission Free Essays

What is the Kepler mission? Many people don’t even know what is going on here on earth let alone in space. The Kepler mission is searching the skies for planets that are the same size as earth and worlds that could possibly similar to our own (Site 1). The Kepler spacecraft has found over 750 candidates for extra solar planets and that is just from data collected in the first 43 days of the spacecraft’s observations. We will write a custom essay sample on Kepler Mission or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the biggest release of candidate planets that has ever happened. This is amazing; just imagine if there is that many other planets like earth with human life on it. The Kepler team has found so many candidates, they are sharing. They will keep the top 400 candidates to verify and confirm with observations using other telescopes with observations done by Kepler team members (Site 2). Us as human being can only think and wonder if there is life outside of this planet. The Kepler mission is our chance to find out. Kepler launched on March 6, 2009, and has been on the hunt for exoplanets (Site 2). The Kepler instrument is a specially designed 0. 95-meter diameter telescope called a photometer or light meter. It has a very large field of view for an astronomical telescope 105 square degrees, which is comparable to the area of your hand held at arm’s length. The fields of view of most telescopes are less than one square degree. Kepler needs the large field of view in order to observe the large number of stars. It stares at the same star field for the entire mission and continuously and simultaneously monitors the brightness’s of more than 100,000 stars for at least 3. years, the initial length of the mission, which can be extended (Site 1). Extending the mission beyond three and one half years provides for improving the signal to noise by combining more transits to permit detection of smaller planets. Another reason why extending the mission is good is to find planets in orbits with larger periods. Also to find planets around stars that are noisier either due to be ing fainter or having more variability The scientific objective of the Kepler Mission is to explore the structure and diversity of planetary systems. This is achieved by surveying a large sample of stars to determine the abundance of terrestrial and larger planets in or near the habitable zone of a wide variety of stars. Another objective is to determine the distribution of sizes and shapes of the orbits of these planets. Estimate how many planets there are in multiple-star systems. Determine the variety of orbit sizes and planet reflectivity’s, sizes, masses and densities of short-period giant planets. Also to identify additional members of each discovered planetary system using other techniques; and determine the properties of those stars that harbor planetary systems (Site 1). The Kepler Mission also supports the objectives of future NASA Origins theme missions Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) and Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) by identifying the common stellar characteristics of host stars for future planet searches, defining the volume of space needed for the search and allowing SIM to target systems already known to have terrestrial planet (Site 1). The Kepler mission has discovered a system of two Saturn size planets with perhaps a third planet that is only 1. 5 times the radius of Earth. While the news of this discovery is tempered somewhat with the announcement by a team from the European Southern Observatory of a system with five confirmed Neptune-sized planets and perhaps two additional smaller planets, both discoveries highlight that the spacecraft and techniques astronomers are using to find exoplanets are getting the desired results, and excitingly exoplanet research now includes the study of multiplanet systems. This discovery is the first time multiple planets were found by looking at transit time variations, which can provide more information about planets, such as their masses (Site 2). NASA held a press conference to discuss early science results of the Kepler Mission on August 6, 2009. At this press conference, it was revealed that Kepler has confirmed the existence of the previously-known transiting exoplanet HAT-P-7b, and is functioning well enough to discover Earth-size planets. Since Kepler’s detection of planets depends on seeing very small changes in brightness, stars that vary in brightness all by themselves are not useful in this search. From the first few months of data, Kepler scientists have determined that about 7500 stars from the initial target list are such variable stars. These were dropped from the target list and will be replaced by new candidates. On November 4, 2009, the Kepler project publicly released the light curves of the dropped stars. Ground-based follow-up studies of the first six weeks of data, reveal five previously unknown planets, all very close to their stars, one (Kepler-4b) slightly larger than Neptune and four (Kepler-5b, 6b, 7b, and 8b) larger than Jupiter, including one (Kepler-7b), that is one of the least dense planets found yet. Another discovery, not yet understood, are at least two objects that are the size of planets, but hotter than their stars (Site 2). In conclusion, the Kepler mission I believe is the first of its kind that is actually working. The significance of the Kepler mission is very important. Kepler will monitor 100,000 stars similar to our sun for four years. The results will be extremely important either way. If Kepler detects many habitable, Earth-size planets, it could mean the universe is full of life. Kepler would then be a stepping stone to the next extensive search for habitable planets and life, the Terrestrial Planet Finder (Site 3). If nothing is found, it may mean we’re alone in the galaxy. Bibliography Site 1: â€Å"Kepler. † Nasa. Ames Research Center, Web. 28 Nov. 2010. http://kepler. nasa. gov/. Site 2: â€Å"Kepler Mission. † UniverseToday. com. 26 Aug. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. http://sites. google. com/site/larrygerstman/kepler. Site 3: â€Å"Discovery Program. † NASA. 16 Feb. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. http://discovery. nasa. gov/kepler. html. How to cite Kepler Mission, Papers

American Photographer and Artist Essay Example For Students

American Photographer and Artist Essay Cindy Sherman, American Photographer and Artist, born 1954 in Long Island, New York, Arts Graduate 1976. Shermans subject matter whilst always feminine, includes discourses on film stills, magazine centrefolds, fashion spreads, advertising, childrens literature, formal portraiture, historical records, mannequins and the monstrous body.  Shermans work spans a 25 year period, making her one of the most successful and talked about female artists of the post-modern era. Indeed there is a plethora of academic and critical thought that has been written on her productions. Her work has been analysed and psycho-analysed ad infinitum. It is interesting to note, much to the dismay of varying parties, that Sherman refuses to comment on her work even to the fullest extent where she refuses to give them a name, referring to her productions as Untitled. I believe this is in part due to Shermans desire to have the observer read the image to interpret meaning and apply their own cultural signifiers, therein possibly unveiling elements of themselves previously unexposed and hidden within their own psyche.  Her carefully constructed productions can be likened to theatrical masterpieces in their own right. Her work has an uncanny ability to return the gaze back to the viewer to leave the viewer mesmerised unsure of themselves and their interpretation of these representations. Her productions force the observer to identify with their own meaning. On meaning, Hall writes, Meaning does not inhere in things, in the world. It is constructed, produced. It is the result of a signifying practice a practice that produces meaning, that makes thing mean (Hall, Pg 66).  Marco Meneguzzo writes of Sherman Where the construction of the image leaves more space or the possibility of narration to the observer (Meneguzzo Pg 12).  Shermans career can be seen as one of growth and maturation in which she has managed to destabilise and deconstruct the phallocentric gaze of the symbolic other, challenging historical patriarchal discourses associated with that other Sherman controls the production by manipulating the phallocentric gaze covertly undermining and challenging patriarchal notions that work in binary cohesion with the foundation stones of our culture. It is the masculine system of representation that has formulated and driven the western art cannon since time immemorial. Mulvey writes Woman then stands in patriarchal culture as signifier for the male other, bound by a symbolic order in which man can live out his fantasies and obsessions through linguistic command by imposing them on the silent image of woman still tied to her place as bearer of meaning, not maker of meaning.. The paradox of phallocentrism in all its manifestations is that it depends on the image of the castrated woman to give order and meaning to its world. An idea of woman stands as lynch pin to the system: it is her lack that produces the phallus as a symbolic presence, it is her desire to make good the lack that the phallus signifies. Sherman is anything but the castrated woman in her work she holds the power by implying another meaning, creating a double construct whereby she becomes the maker of meaning (Mulvey).  It is this aspect which most disturbs the viewer. Meneguzzo writes on Shermans Film Stills It would be an absolutely banal affirmation to say that Shermans work exalts the fakeness of her pieces, and so general that it wouldnt be enough to explain the sense of detachment and subtle queerness that one experiences in front of these images. (Meneguzzo, Pg 11). Shermans Monstrous Bodies have undoubtedly shaken and challenged the notion of the male gaze. Her work deconstructs the female body from an abstract, removed position by the use of prosthesis, plastic parts and body fluids, becoming her own narrator or maker of meaning. In doing this, she shifts the power from the patriarchal by totally deconstructing and then rebuilding the feminine representation. These representations are no longer easily read by the phallocentric gaze and are provided in direct contrast to established notions of that gaze. .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .postImageUrl , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:hover , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:visited , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:active { border:0!important; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:active , .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732 .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u85d667dcb0b151f2df45d9227a45a732:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: According to A Nation at Risk, the American educ EssayBerger writes that the ideal spectator is always assumed to be male and the image of the woman is designed to flatter him (Berger, 1972). Berger further writes that men have always had privileged access to the sight of the female body, that it is not purely for the male spectators enjoyment but that it is also connected to a sense of power and control over the image. The womans body is posed and framed for him, while his own body remains doubly hidden (Betterton, Pg 11). In psychoanalytic discourse, fetishism is a uniquely male perversion (Grosz, Pg 141). Freud writes The fetishism remains a token of triumph over the threat of castration and a protection against it. It also saves the fetishist from becoming a homosexual by endowing women with the characteristic which makes them tolerable as sexual objects What other men have to woo and make exertions for can be had by the fetishist with no trouble at all (Freud, 1927:154). With Shermans History Portraits, she takes a new look at the masters, those that would define the western art cannon. She undermines the reverence and political might these masters hold by providing the observer with a new deconstructed image.  Danto writes Sherman in the end, had a lot of fun putting on false noses and preposterous whiskers, improbable eyebrows and false breasts, all at the expense of the old masters and their terribly serious subjects Sherman has done something startling and strange, draining the old masters and their subjects at once of a certain power, by showing the artifice, the convention, the transparent fakeness of the worlds they believed were solid, unshakeable and real.What would we be without our make-up, our hair-dos, our robes, our scholarly paraphernalia, our jewellery, our breasts or our portraits? What is the human reality behind the revealed grotesqueness of our appearances? Socrates writes that the principles of comedy and tragedy are one, so that the artist who writes comedy could as well write tragedySherman in these comical pieces of visual philosophy writes both at once (Danto, Pg 13). In summary, Sherman manages to destabilise the familiar codes of female iconography by the use of masquerade, displacement of subject/object and oustanding technical ability. My personal view is that along with these things, she is also intuitively aware of cultural frameworks within which we all find ourselves being judged by and adhering to and it these codes or representations that she seeks to redefine she becomes the narrator/author/power holder. Chris Weedon writes poststructuralisms concern with the discursive construction of subjectivity, with the role of social institutions and the heterogeneous forms of power governing social relations is motivated by a primary concern with understanding the position of individual women in society and the ways in which they are both governed by and resist specific forms of power. This involves not a devaluing of womens experience but an understanding of its constitution and its strategic position within the broader field of patriarchial power relations (Weddon, Pg 74).